Proceedings of the International Conference on Social, Science, Technology and Health (ICOSSTH) 2025 is a collection of articles presented in an international seminar and call for papers 2025 with the theme “Industry Revolution 5.0: Health, Science, Social, and Technology for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Through Innovation” which was held on May 10, 2025 with a hybrid article presentation process (Offline and Online). The purpose of this seminar is not only as a medium for scientific discussion but also to provide space for researchers to contribute from academics and professionals in developing expertise in the fields of social science, technology, and health, as well as building a conducive atmosphere to improve networking between universities. We as the committee would like to thank all participants who have actively contributed to this proceeding. Thank you to the reviewers, editors, all lecturers, academicians, and students of Pharmacy, Medical Laboratory Technology, Medical Records and Health Information, Software Engineering Technology, and all study programs at Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram, as well as those who have been involved in planning and organizing seminars and who have worked hard in producing these proceedings. We are fully aware that the implementation and preparation of these proceedings are still not perfect; for that, all constructive suggestions and input are expected for the improvement of further implementation. We apologize if there are errors in the publication of these proceedings. We hope that this seminar and proceedings can be useful to provide benefits for all parties who have the competence and motivation to continue to develop science.
Identification of Formalin Content in Food Products (Salted Fish, Processed Chicken, Wet Noodles) at Pagesangan Traditional Market
Food Additives (BTP), such as preservatives, are increasingly used in line with advances in synthetic food production technology—one of which is formalin or formaldehyde. Formalin is hazardous when inhaled, comes into contact with skin, or is ingested. Its adverse effects include skin burns, respiratory tract irritation, allergic reactions, and carcinogenic risks. Processed food products commonly found to contain formalin include salted fish, processed chicken, shrimp paste, tofu, and fresh (wet) noodles. These foods are sold by vendors in traditional markets, such as Pagesangan Market. Therefore, research is necessary to determine the presence and concentration of formalin in food products (salted fish, processed chicken, and wet noodles) sold at Pagesangan Market. This study is an experimental research. The sampling technique used is random sampling. Samples were collected from 17 vendors, consisting of 3 salted fish, 12 processed chicken, and 2 wet noodle samples from Pagesangan Market. The criteria for sample selection, based on organoleptic assessment, included: unnatural odor, artificial color, firm texture (not easily broken), and absence of flies. The identification of formalin content in samples was conducted through a qualitative test using a formalin rapid test kit, and a quantitative test using acid-base titration. The qualitative test results showed that one salted fish sample (IK 3) and one processed chicken sample (AP 5) tested positive for formalin, while both wet noodle samples tested negative. The samples that tested positive were further analyzed through quantitative testing. The acid-base titration results showed that IK 3 contained 25.43% formalin, while AP 5 contained 33.06%.
Formalin, Food products, Qualitative test, Quantitative test, Pagesangan Traditional Market
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings ICOSSTH 2025
The Relevance of Geography Education in the Pamali Manggodo Ritual within Traditional Agricultural Practices of the Indigenous Sambori Community Indonesia
This study aims to describe the function of the traditional Pamali Manggodo ritual in the agricultural activities of the Indigenous Sambori Community in the context of geography education. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through field observations, open and semi-structured interviews with key and supporting informants. The data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The results indicate that the function of the Pamali Manggodo ritual is to prevent the threat of disease or pest disturbances in the agricultural activities of the Sambori people. Community belief is reflected in interactions through prayers and chants that convey a reciprocal relationship between the community and the surrounding occult forces. This relationship has implications for harmony with nature; by maintaining it, they feel protected from disasters that may threaten their safety and environment. Based on this, it can be concluded that the ritual acts as a traditional system of action that serves a social function for the Sambori Indigenous Community, helping ensure their survival.
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC USE FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN THE OUTPATIENT FACILITY OF THE MATARAM CITY REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2021
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative and inflammatory joint disease characterized by pathological changes in the entire joint structure. Pathological changes that occur include loss of hyaline joint cartilage, followed by thickening and sclerosis of the subchondral bone, osteophyte growth at the joint edges, stretching of the joint capsule, mild synovitis and weakness of the muscles that support the joint due to failure to repair joint damage caused by excessive mechanical stress. Research Objective: This study aims to evaluate the use of analgesic drugs for osteoarthritis patients in the outpatient installation of Mataram City Hospital. Data sampling was carried out retrospectively by looking at the medical records of Osteoarthritis patients who used analgesics in the Outpatient Installation of Mataram City Hospital. Descriptive analysis is a method used to analyze data by describing or depicting the collected data as it is without intending to make conclusions that apply to the public or generalization.
Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill)
Avocado is a popular fruit, popular in the community. Besides its delicious flesh, avocados are also beneficial in medicine. Almost all parts of this plant have medicinal properties. The part of the avocado that has many benefits is the leaves, which are used in herbal remedies. Boiling the leaves and drinking the resulting decoction is believed to significantly lower blood pressure in hypertension sufferers. This experimental laboratory study aimed to determine the active ingredients in ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill). This study was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of the Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram from May to July 2021. The population and sample in this study were avocado plants. The data in this study were primary data, namely direct observation of the active ingredients in avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill). Based on the results of phytochemical screening in this study, it can be seen that avocado leaves contain secondary metabolites, which are bioactive components in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins.
Phytochemical Screening, Avocado Leaves, Persea americana Mill
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OFFLINE AND ONLINE SALES OF CHOCO JINJER PRODUCTS BY POLITEKNIK MEDICA FARMA HUSADA MATARAM
This study aims to observe the comparison of marketing effectiveness in offline and online sales of HMPS Farmasi's choco ginger products. To clearly see the impact of offline and online marketing on existing sales. The research method used is a sequential exploratory approach. To address the research question, both qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive methods were employed, utilizing an independent sample T-test. The results indicate that, when measured using a percentage scale, there is a significant difference between offline and online marketing methods. The results of the independent sample T-test showed good results, as seen from the Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.043 < 0.05. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. If Ha is accepted, then there is a difference in the average sales results. Furthermore, when examining the t-value, the t-value is less than 0.1937, indicating a difference in average sales results between offline and online sales of the Choco Ginger HMPS Pharmacy product. It can be concluded that the most effective sales strategy is offline sales, with an effectiveness rate of 92%.
Sales Effectiveness, Choco Jinjer, Offline and Online Sales, Marketing Strategy
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN SWAMEDIKASI TERHADAP DISMINOREA PRIMER PADA MAHASISWI KESEHATAN DI KOTA MATARAM
Primary dysmenorrhea is not a disease but it is necessary to know how to treat it in order to treat yourself (self-medication). The implementation of self-medication is predicted to cause many medication errors due to limited public knowledge of drugs and their use. The purpose of this study was to determine the category of self-medication knowledge for primary dysmenorrhea among health students in Mataram City. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. Researchers in this study treated the subjects by giving them a questionnaire. This study is a qualitative study using a Non-Probability Sampling sampling method with Consecutive sampling, namely finding samples that meet the inclusion criteria, until the required number of samples is met, namely 206 samples. The results of the study are, respondents with a high level of knowledge are 150 respondents (72.8%), those with a moderate level of knowledge are 47 respondents (22.8%), and those with a low level of knowledge are 9 respondents (4.4%). The conclusion is that the level of self-medication knowledge regarding primary dysmenorrhea among female health students in Mataram City is classified as high. The author suggests that future researchers conduct research on the effect of respondents' level of medication knowledge on primary dysmenorrhea.
Swamedication Knowledge, Primary Dysmenorrhea, Students Health
Level of Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Medication in Relation to the Knowledge of Tuberculosis Patients at the Ampenan Community Health Center
Tuberculosis remains a community-based problem that requires addressing. The government has implemented treatment programs and guidelines to address this issue in accordance with national standards. This is due to the high rate of non-compliance with medication among TB patients. Non-compliance with medication is a serious problem because it can lead to resistance, relapse, and increased morbidity and mortality. Poor medication adherence can also pose a risk of community transmission and contribute to the failure of global TB eradication efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to anti-tuberculosis medication and the knowledge of tuberculosis patients at the Ampenan Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. The population was 10 tuberculosis patients at the Ampenan Community Health Center. The research instrument used a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, the answers of which were determined using the Guttman scale and an interview guide. Data analysis used univariate analysis. The results of the study from 10 respondents showed that TB patients were predominantly male (80%), with 40% being adults (36-45 years old), 60% having an elementary school education, and 80% being married. Regarding knowledge, 80% of TB patients at the Ampenan Community Health Center had sufficient knowledge, while 20% had poor knowledge. Meanwhile, TB patient compliance at the Ampenan Community Health Center was 40% compliant and 60% non-compliant.
Medication Compliance, Knowledge, Tuberculosis (TB)
MALARIA INFECTION DETECTION AND PERCENT PARASITEMIA IN GUNUNGSARI DISTRICT
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium sp. Malaria parasite infection can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from none, very mild to severe illness and even death. Plasmodium falciparum is the cause of severe infection, it can even cause a variety of acute manifestations and if not treated, can cause death. This study aims to detect the disease, determine the percent parasitemia and determine the type of Plasmodium species that infects the most people in the Gunungsari sub-district. The research design used is descriptive explorative which aims to describe the state of a phenomenon which is tabulated in tabular form. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling where every patient who came to check for malaria at the Gunungsari Health Center was a test sample. The results showed that 3 out of 57 people tested positive for malaria. The species infected with Plasmodium falciparum and the percent parasitemia value in the sample 001, 002, 003 were 2.0%, 2.3%, and 0.8%, respectively. The patient's Hb value was 001, 002, 003 of 10.8 mg/dl, 11.7 mg/dl and 11.4 mg/dl. The conclusion is that there are still people in the Gunungsari sub-district who are infected with Plasmodium falciparum, with the main symptom of anemia.
Malaria, Percent parasitemia, Gunungsari
Social Motives of the 'Sekolah Perjumpaan' Community in Enhancing Educational Literacy in Lower-Middle-Class Communities
This study aims to analyze the social motives behind the "Sekolah Perjumpaan" (School of Encounter) community in enhancing educational literacy among lower-middle-class communities. Educational literacy plays a crucial role in improving access to and the quality of education, particularly among economically disadvantaged groups. In this context, Sekolah Perjumpaan emerges as a grassroots initiative that directly engages the community to address challenges in educational literacy. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The collected data were systematically analyzed to identify patterns and social motives that drive participation in the Sekolah Perjumpaan community. The findings reveal that Sekolah Perjumpaan serves as a platform to foster stronger interactions between schools and communities. Through regular meetings and collaborative activities, it facilitates the exchange of knowledge and experiences on educational issues. Participation in these activities also enhances awareness of the importance of education and encourages the adoption of literacy practices in daily life. These findings underscore the significant potential of school-community collaboration in improving educational literacy among lower-income populations.
The Influence of Regional Government Information Systems on the Effectiveness of Regional Financial Management in Mataram City
The advancement of information technology has created opportunities for governments to innovate in carrying out various administrative functions through the implementation of e-government. The Ministry of Home Affairs has developed the Regional Government Information System (SIPD), as regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 70 of 2019. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) in relation to the effectiveness of regional financial management. The research adopts an associative design with a quantitative approach. The population consists of 39 Regional Government Organizations (OPDs) in Mataram City, with a total sample of 103 respondents selected through non-probability sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS version 4. The findings reveal that the SIPD has a positive and significant influence on the effectiveness of regional financial management. The results indicate that the implementation of SIPD in the Mataram City Government has been well-executed, although improvements are still needed in areas such as communication, dissemination, and monitoring to fully optimize the benefits of the system within the context of financial management
The Effectiveness of Financial Management and the Implementation of the Regional Government Information System
EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DESA RUMAK KECAMATAN KEDIRI LOMBOK BARAT
Waste is an inseparable part of everyday life. Every human activity certainly generates waste, including what happens in Rumak Village, Kediri District, West Lombok. The main problem in this study is that the waste management system in the village does not meet good and proper standards. This is caused by improper waste disposal practices and management that only relies on burning. This study aims to evaluate the waste management system in place. The methodology used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive observational design. Data collection techniques include field surveys, focus group discussions (FGD) with participants, open interviews, and literature reviews. Participants in this study consisted of representatives from the Environmental Agency, village heads, village representative bodies, youth organizations, and community organizations present in the village. Based on the research results, it is known that waste management in Rumak Village is still not optimal. This is due to the lack of land for the establishment of Temporary Waste Storage Sites (TPS), limited supporting facilities and infrastructure, as well as low public awareness of the importance of proper waste management. As a recommendation, it is necessary to conduct socialization activities regarding proper waste management, carry out regular community clean-up activities, and allocate village budget for land acquisition that will be used as a site for TPS construction.
Evaluation, Waste Governance, Waste Management
Effectiveness of Various Practicum Models in Increasing Students' Scientific Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Scientific creativity is an important competency in higher education, especially in science and technology. Various practicum models have been developed to increase student creativity. This article aims to systematically review the effectiveness of various practicum models in increasing students' scientific creativity. The method used is a systematic literature review of articles from relevant accredited national journals and reputable international journals in the last 10 years. The results of the review showed that project-based learning, discovery learning, open inquiry, OPPEMEI, and the use of interactive media/virtual laboratory models have a positive impact on increasing students' scientific creativity. The Project-Based Learning model has been proven to be effective and consistent in improving students' scientific creativity. The implication of these findings is the need for the integration of effective practicum models in the Higher Education curriculum to develop students' scientific creativity.
Practicum Model, Scientific Creativity, Project Based Learning, Systematic Literature Review
Profiling of Sea Urchin Extracts From Lombok for Evidence-Based Natural Therapeutics
The marine ecosystems of Lombok, Indonesia, represent a rich, yet largely untapped, reservoir of biodiversity with significant potential for novel drug discovery. Sea urchins (Echinoidea) are known to synthesize a diverse array of bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which exhibit promising pharmacological activities. This paper outlines a comprehensive strategy for the systematic profiling of sea urchin extracts from selected species found in Lombok's coastal waters. The methodology encompasses ethical sample collection, meticulous species identification, optimized extraction procedures, and advanced analytical techniques (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, NMR) for chemical characterization. Furthermore, a battery of in vitro bioassays will be employed to evaluate potential therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The overarching aim is to establish a robust scientific evidence base for the traditional and potential new uses of Lombok's sea urchins in natural therapeutics. This research is pivotal for valorizing local marine bioresources, guiding future bioprospecting efforts, and contributing to the development of standardized, safe, and effective natural medicines, while also informing conservation strategies
Marine Natural Products; Sea Urchin; Diadema setosum; Tripneustes gratilla; Bioactive Compounds
Harnessing Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Precision Healthcare in the Industry 5.0 Era
In the Industry 5.0 era, the integration of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) will transform precision healthcare—tailor-made medical services from meticulous data analysis. This study explains how Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines are adopting big data and AI in healthcare information systems to deliver precision medicine. A systematic review of the literature on recent research pertaining to healthcare technology and information systems was carried out, with a comparative case study analysis of three nations. The principal objectives are to evaluate the current uses, determine methodological frameworks, and quantify the effectiveness of artificial intelligence and big data projects in these Southeast Asian health systems. Our approach integrates a narrative review with qualitative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature with additional analysis via policy documents and digital health metrics. Results indicate that all three countries are pursuing national digital health initiatives (e.g., Indonesia's interoperability project Satu sehat , Malaysia's pilot AI initiatives in diagnostics, and the Philippines' COVID-19 telemedicine expansion). Big data analytics (genomic, imaging, and EHR data) and AI (machine learning, neural networks) are improving diagnostic certainty and enabling personalized treatment regimens. However, obstacles remain: siloed data systems, lack of interoperability, resource constraints, and workforce training skills gaps hinder the full promise. Statistical analysis of reported outcomes demonstrates improvements in disease surveillance and reduced readmissions where AI solutions were employed. In summary, Industry 5.0's human-centric vision aligns with precision healthcare goals: leveraging the strengths of advanced analytics and clinician expertise to improve patient outcomes. We discuss implications for health information systems and suggest future research on scalable AI solutions, data governance, and cross-border collaboration to facilitate precision health in Southeast Asia.
Qualitative Analysis of Formaldehyde Presence in Tofu and Its Potential Health Effects
Formaldehyde is a toxic chemical widely used in industrial applications but is sometimes illegally added to food products such as tofu to extend shelf life. This study aims to conduct a qualitative analysis of formaldehyde presence in tofu and to examine its potential health effects through a supporting literature review. Five tofu samples were collected from various local markets in Mataram City and tested using a formaldehyde detection test kit based on a colorimetric method. The presence of formaldehyde was indicated by a color change from cream to soft purple. All five samples tested positive, suggesting the unauthorized use of formaldehyde in tofu production. To understand the health risks associated with formaldehyde exposure, a literature review was conducted using scientific journals, health reports, and regulatory guidelines. The findings reveal that formaldehyde can cause a range of adverse health effects, including respiratory irritation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin allergies. Long-term exposure is associated with more serious outcomes such as organ damage and increased risk of cancer, or death. This study highlights the potential public health dangers of formaldehyde contamination in food and underscores the importance of regular monitoring and strict regulation. The use of simple qualitative test kits is also shown to be effective for preliminary screening. Greater public awareness and stronger food safety enforcement are essential to protect consumers from chemical adulteration
Formaldehyde; tofu; qualitative, test kit, health
The Effect of Tambora Coffee Administration on The Reduction of Uric Acid Levels In Vivo
Coffee is one of the alternative beverages that is highly favored by the Indonesian population. The beneficial effects of coffee include the reduction of blood uric acid levels. This is due to the presence of polyphenol compounds in coffee, which can inhibit the activity of the xanthine oxidase enzyme, thereby lowering uric acid levels. This study aims to determine the effect of Tambora coffee administration on the reduction of uric acid levels in vivo. This research used a quasi-experimental design involving 25 male mice weighing 25–30 grams. The subjects were divided into five groups: three treatment groups with different doses of Tambora coffee (P1: 0.5 mg/kgBW, P2: 0.25 mg/kgBW, P3: 0.75 mg/kgBW), one positive control group receiving allopurinol at 0.45 mg/kgBW, and one negative control group receiving standard feed. The normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, and the homogeneity test confirmed that the data were homogeneous. Therefore, the data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA method. The ANOVA test showed a significance value of 0.000, which is lower than 0.05. It can be concluded that Tambora coffee at various doses is capable of reducing blood uric acid levels, although the levels remained within the normal range.
Tambora coffee, decrease, acid urat, Mencit
Review of Diagnosis Coding Based on Medical Terminology Terms in the Outpatient Department at the RSUD Kota Mataram
Medical terminology is the science of medical terminology used as a means of communication both directly and indirectly by medical and non-medical personnel. Writing a diagnosis must use medical terminology terms to help coders select lead terms in coding a diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to review the coding of diagnoses based on medical terminology terms at the Mataram City Regional General Hospital. The research method was a combination (Mixed Methods), the research design was Sequential Explanatory. The population was 300 and the sample size was 75 medical records. The sampling technique was random sampling, with 4 informants through interviews. The results showed that from a sample of 75 outpatient diagnoses, there were 25 (33%) correct terminologies and 50 (67%) incorrect terminologies using abbreviations, Indonesian, and letter errors. Writing a diagnosis without medical terminology will make it difficult for coders to find lead terms and it will take more time to change the diagnosis term into a medical terminology term to make it easier to code the diagnosis.
Terminologi Medis, Akurasi Diagnostik, Kendala Pengkodean
Ni Made Febrianti Lestari Ni Made Febrianti Lestari
ANTIBACTERIAL OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON THE GROWTH OF Staphylococcus aureus BACTERIA
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogenic bacteria in humans. Staphylococcus aureus infection can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, osteoarticular, acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, lung infections. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is original coconut oil made from fresh coconut raw materials and processed with controlled heating and without chemicals. As a result of the heating process, coconut oil can produce essential compounds containing lauric acid, so that pure coconut oil has antibacterial properties. VCO has an antibacterial effect that comes from its active compound content. VCO contains medium chain fatty acids whose mechanism of action damages bacterial cell walls, liquefies and shows the effect of killing viruses by damaging the DNA and RNA of viruses coated with lipids. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial of VCO on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used in this study was an experimental laboratory. The results of this study indicate that at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in Virgin Coconut Oil did not have inhibitory power against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The conclusion of this study is that Virgin Coconut Oil does not have inhibitory power against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The negative control of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin has an inhibition zone of 33.625 mm, this indicates that the bacteria used in this study are still sensitive to the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin
Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil
Implementation of a Web-Based Posyandu Information System Using the CodeIgniter Framework: A Case Study in Dusun Budiawaton, Central Lombok
This study aims to design and implement a web-based information system to support the operational and administrative activities of Posyandu Mawar, a community-based maternal and child health service located in Dusun Budiawaton, Central Lombok, Indonesia. The current manual system used in data recording—especially for child growth monitoring, immunization records, and nutritional status—is prone to errors, data loss, and inefficiency. To address these issues, a web-based system was developed using the CodeIgniter framework, selected for its lightweight structure and MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, which enhances maintainability and scalability. The system provides key features including child and mother registration, immunization tracking, weight and height monitoring, growth chart visualization (KMS), and automated reporting. The development followed a prototyping methodology involving continuous user feedback from midwives and health volunteers to ensure the system meets actual field needs. Testing results showed that the system significantly improved data accuracy, reduced recording time, and enabled easier access to historical health data. Furthermore, the interface was designed to be simple and user-friendly to accommodate users with varying levels of digital literacy. The implementation of this system demonstrates the potential of localized digital health solutions to improve primary health care delivery in rural areas. Future development may include integration with district-level health information systems and mobile-based access for broader reach. This research contributes to digital transformation initiatives in community health services by providing a replicable model for other Posyandu units across Indonesia.
Clinical Response of Asthma Patients to Blowing Balloon Technique and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises: A Case Study in Primary Healthcare Facilities
Background: Asthma remains a prevalent respiratory disorder affecting quality of life globally. In primary care, non-pharmacological therapies such as respiratory exercises are gaining recognition for their clinical benefits. This topic is interesting because it explores simple, low-cost interventions that can improve patient outcomes in community settings. Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical responses of asthma patients to two breathing techniques: blowing balloon and diaphragmatic breathing. Methods: A descriptive case study was conducted at Puskesmas Lingsar, Lombok Barat, NTB, involving 20 asthma patients equally assigned to two intervention groups. Clinical indicators—respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, sputum presence, dyspnea level, and posture—were observed pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Both groups demonstrated clinical improvement, but the blowing balloon group showed superior outcomes across most indicators. Notably, they had a lower mean respiratory rate (22 vs. 24 breaths/min), higher oxygen saturation (97.6% vs. 96.4%), and more patients reported reduced dyspnea and improved posture. These results align with existing literature on the effectiveness of expiratory control techniques. Conclusion: The blowing balloon technique was more effective than diaphragmatic breathing in improving short-term clinical responses among asthma patients in a primary care setting. This finding supports integrating low-cost, evidence-based respiratory exercises into community asthma management
Asthma, Blowing Balloon, Diaphragmatic Breathing, Clinical Response, Non-pharmacological Therapy
The Influence of Postponing the Examination Period on the Results of Urinalysis of Urine Sediment in Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infections
Urinalysis monitors kidney and urinary tract health. Accuracy in urinalysis stages is crucial for reliable results. However, delays in specimen analysis often affect this accuracy. This study investigates the impact of examination delays on Urine Sediment Urinalysis results (leukocytes, erythrocytes, and epithelium) in suspected Urinary Tract Infection patients. The employed research method is a static group comparison where the study participants are divided into two groups: the experimental group, which receives treatment, and the control group, which does not receive treatment. The treatment group consists of urine samples that are delayed for 2 hours and those that are delayed for 3 hours. Microscopic examination of urine sediment is conducted using the Shih-Yung method. The study showed average leukocyte counts at 1, 2, and 3 hours were 19.44/HPF, 18.78/HPF, and 17.67/HPF, respectively. Average erythrocyte counts at these times were 9.0/HPF, 8.56/HPF, and 7.89/HPF. Average epithelial cell counts were 11.56/LPF, 9.89/LPF, and 9.33/LPF. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant effect (p<0.05) on urinalysis results between <1 hour and the 2-hour delay for erythrocyte sediment and epithelium. Urinalysis results for <1 hour were also significantly different (p<0.05) from the 3-hour delay for leukocytes, erythrocytes, and epithelium
The present study investigates the impact of the administration of Lumbricus rubellus powder on alterations in immunoglobulin production and liver function in murine models infected with Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is a commonly held belief within the community that earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) have therapeutic properties for a range of ailments, including typhoid fever, diabetes, rheumatism, low cholesterol, increased endurance, and reduced blood pressure. The complex peptide content present in the earthworm group (annelida) has been shown to possess the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The hypothesis that the relatively higher protein content of earthworms may increase the body's immune system is one that merits further investigation. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of earthworm powder on immunoglobulin alterations and its effect on liver function, as indicated by SGOT and SGPT levels. The present study employed murine models infected with Salmonella typhi as an animal model. The treatment groups comprised negative control, positive control, and treatment levels of 0.8; 1.6; 3.2 (gr /0.2 KgBB). The experimental subjects were administered earthworm powder for a period of 14 days. Subsequently, the serum samples were subjected to analysis using the Widal test and an assessment of liver function enzymes, namely SGOT and SGPT. The experimental data were analysed using a real difference test to compare the treatments. The results obtained demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of immunoglobulin O and H titers in the 0.8 g/0.2 kg BB treatment group. It has been established that the optimum SGPT liver function level is 1.6 mg/0.2 kg body weight. The findings of this study indicate that the administration of earthworm powder to rats infected with Salmonella typhi results in an augmentation of both immunoglobulin and SGPT.
Lumbricus rubellus, typhoid fever, Immunoglobulin, SGOT, SGPT
Formulation of Urtica dioica L. Extract as a Sunscreen Lotion Preparation
Indonesia, as a tropical country, has around 30,000 biodiversity species that have been identified. However, the tropical climate causes people to often face skin problems such as dullness, dark spots, and decreased elasticity that leads to degenerative behavior. Excessive exposure to UV light can accelerate this degenerative process resulting from an imbalance between ROS production. One of the plants that has the potential to be an antioxidant is wild nettle (Urtica dioica L) The purpose of this study is to determine the formulation that provides the best results based on the physical evaluation and SPF value of the sunscreen lotion preparation. The extraction method used is extraction with 70% ethanol solvent with a ratio of 1:10, samples were taken from Aikmel village, East Lombok District, flavonoid and tannin phytochemical screening, ethanol-free test, and physical evaluation and SPF ability of sunscreen lotion preparations. The results explained that all sunscreen lotion preparations were stable on physical evaluation for 28 days, and F3 had an SPF value of 39.74 which is included in the "Ultra" protection category. F3 formulation with an extract concentration of 4.5% ethanol extract Urtica dioica L., is considered the best formulation based on physical evaluation and sun protector activity.
Formulation, Urtica dioica L., Sunscreen lotion, SPF.
DESIGN OF USER INTERFACE FOR ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD AT ALIEF HUSADA CLINIC, DOMPU, WEST NUSA TENGGARA 2024
Design is the process of defining a process using various techniques and principles with the aim of sufficiently defining a device, process, or system to enable its physical realization. User Interface (UI) is when the system and user can interact with each other through commands such as using content and entering data. The purpose of this study was to determine the design of the electronic medical record user interface at the Alief Husada Clinic, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara 2024. The method used was the waterfall method. Results of the study Based on the results, the login page display above will appear the first time the patient opens the website. If the patient has trouble forgetting his password, the patient can click the forgot password option. On the page, it is required to input the phone number that the patient uses to register. After that, Google will send a verification code to the phone number, then the patient inputs the verification code. If it has, a command to input a new password and confirm the password will appear. After that, the patient can log back into the website. Based on the results, new patient registration is used for patients who do not have an account, here the patient fills in the personal data form completely and correctly to have an account. When the patient has filled in the registration form and clicked register, a notification will automatically come via Email that the patient has been successfully registered and then the website automatically displays a notification that the account has been successfully registered. Based on the results, on the main patient menu page display, there are menus that can be accessed by patients including the medical record menu, patient registration, examination, and reporting
The Potential of Ganoderma lucidum Extract on the Immune Response of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Post Infection with Dengue Virus Serotype 3 (DEN-3)
Infeksi virus dengue masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang memerlukan pendekatan terapi komplementer. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), dikenal sebagai jamur Ling Zhi, memiliki potensi sebagai imunostimulan alami karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yaitu peptidoglikan dan protein imunomodulator Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), polisakarida (β-glukan dan LZ-D-1) (Sulkowska-Ziaja, et. al., 2023). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum sebagai imunostimulan serta mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberiannya terhadap jumlah limfosit dan monosit pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinfeksi virus DEN-3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas ekstrak G. lucidum terhadap respon imun seluler dan humoral pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinfeksi virus Dengue serotipe 3 (DEN-3). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratorik, menggunakan total 35 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu tiga kelompok perlakuan (dosis 0,8 g/KgBB, 1,6 g/KgBB, dan 3,2 g/KgBB), serta dua kelompok kontrol (positif dan negatif). Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah limfosit, monosit, dan kadar antibodi IgG anti-Dengue. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-4 dan hari ke-10. Pemeriksaan IgG dilakukan dengan metode ELISA, sedangkan jumlah sel dihitung dengan metode apusan darah tipis (differential counting). Pengujian statistik dengan one way anova membuktikan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata titer IgG anti Dengue pada setiap perlakuan dengan p value = 0.001 ( < 0,05), dengan kata lain terdapat perbedaan titer IgG antara kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif dan kelompok perlakuan. Perbedaan signifikan juga terlihat antara titer IgG anti Dengue pasca infeksi hari ke-4 dengan hari ke-10 dengan p value = 0.000 ( < 0,05). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak G. lucidum efektif sebagai imunostimulan pada infeksi virus Dengue 3 dan dosis ekstrak G. lucidum yang paling efektif adalah 0.8 g/KgBB. Selain itu jumlah limfosit mengalami kenaikan pada dosis 1,6gr/0,2KgBB dan jumlah monosit mengalami penurunan pada dosis 1,6gr/0,2KgBB. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ekstrak G.lucidum efektif sebagai imunostimulan dalam meningkatkan respon imun seluler dan humoral pada tikus putih yang terinfeksi virus Dengue-3, dengan dosis paling optimal pada 1,6 g/0,2KgBB untuk efek seluler dan 0,8 g/KgBB untuk respon humoral.
Ganoderma lucidum, Dengue, Immunostimulant, Lymphocyte, Monocyte
EFFECT OF MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla King.) SEED OIL ON SERUM GLUCOSE LEVEL AND SOLEUS MUSCLE GLUT 4 ON INSULIN RESISTANCE RATS
A high fat diet and obesity can induce type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) with insulin resistance, characterized by the decreasing of insulin interaction to the peripheral target. Swietenia macrophylla King. seed, containing flavonoid and triterpenoid, is reported to show antihyperglycemic activity. This research aimed to know the effect of Swietenia macrophylla King seed oil in glucose level and enhancing of soleus muscle GLUT 4 on insulin resistance diabetic rats. Insulin resistance DM condition was obtained by high fat diet and fructose induction. The diabetic rats were received Swietenia macrophylla King. seed oil dose of 0.2 ml/kg body weight (BW) dan 0.4 ml/kg BW metformin as positive control and CMC Na suspension as negative control. The results showed that Swietenia macrophylla King. seed oil showed antihyperglycemic activity on insulin resistance DM and enhanced the soleus muscle GLUT 4.
Swietenia macrophylla King. seed oil, insulin resistance, GLUT 4, high fat and fructose diet